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Green-Seeds.com
Fruits
& Others
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Ginger
Culture
 Proper sanitation is
paramount in ginger culture. The field should be free from contamination
from flowing water and external soil. Entry should be limited to soil free
equipment, machinery and personnel.
Proper vertical growth
of the ginger rhizome is insured by adequate soil cover. The hilling operation
should be made subsequent to alternate fertilizer applications.
A total of 3 to 5 hilling
operations are made during the crop cycle. The earlier operations are done
by hand with later hillings made with the assistance of a tiller with the
ability to throw soil onto the ginger row.
Weeds
Direct aromatic oil
spray between the plants and in the rows (do not apply on (ginger plants).
Weeds are best controlled when they are one inch in height or less. D0 NOT
apply from 2 months before harvest.
CAUTION: Aromatic oil
sprays fortified with sodium pentachlorphenate and pentachlorophenol are
not approved for use.
Note: The pesticide
applicator must have a copy of the appropriate Supplemental state registration
in his possession at the time the material is applied. All applicable label
directions, restrictlon and precautions on the primary and supplemental
labels must be followed.
Cultivars
Small rhizome type with
rich yellow flesh color is usually referred to as the Japanese type. Plant
growth about 15 to 18 inches high with smaller leaves but more pungent flavor.
Large rhizome type with light yellow color flesh is usuall referred to as
the Chinese type. Plant growth about 24 to 48 inches high with larger leaves
but less pungent flavor and larger yield.
Description
Small rhizome type with
rich yellow flesh color is usually referred to as the Japanese type. Plant
growth about 15 to 18 inches high with smaller leaves but more pungent flavor.
Large rhizome type with
light yellow color flesh is usually referred to as the Chinese type. Plant
growth about 24 to 48 inches high with larger leaves but less pungent flavor
and larger yield .
Diseases
Methyl bromide at the
rate of one pound per 100 square feet under an air-tight covering for 48
hours.
To control Fusarium wilt and bacterial wilt organisms carried within the
seed pieces use clean seed pieces from healthy plants only. Apply Benomyl
to seed pieces as a hot dip. Use 1/2 to 1 pound per 100 gals. water. Maintain
temperature of suspension at 122F (50 C). Soak for 10 minutes. Remove and
allow to drain.
For Bacterial diseases
(Thiram, general use for crops), for Fusarium, Benlate (Benomyl) root treatments.
Methyl bromide is used for soil sterilization (HI pest database, 1991).
Fertilizers
Soils
Loose, well drained soil with fairly high moistwater holding capacity with
a pH of 5-5 to 6.5. The soil should be relatively free of root knot nematodes
and soil-borne diseases causing Fusarium wilt and bacterial wilt of tomatoes.
A. Preplant
Apply 1,000 pounds per
acre of treblesuperphosphate (n-47-o) at planting, banded 2 to 3 inches
below the seed piece or mixed within the plant row. 1- 4 weeks after planting
or at shoot emergence, apply a complete fertllizer such as 10-30-10 in and
4 to 8 inches to the side of the plant rows at a rate of 200 to 400 pounds
per acre.
At four week intervals
for two application, aoply 400 to 600 pounds per acre of a complete fertilizer
such as 14-14-14 or 15-15-15 in bands 10 to 12 inches to the side of the
plant rows.
Subsequent applications
should be made with a complete fertilizer such as 15-15-15 at 4 to 6 week
intervals at 600 to 1,000 pounds per acre 15 inches from the plant row.
High potash fertilizers such as K-mag (0-0-26) may be applied during the
later stages of the crop to induce firm rhizomes with shiny skin surface.
Calcium ammendments
may be worked in to the soil during, the hilling process to minimize the
incidence of tip rot. pH
Apply adequate liming material (calcium carbonate or dolomite) to raise
the soil pH to the optimum 5.5 to 6.5 range. Work broadcast material thoroughly
into soil prior to fumigation.
Harvest
The crop matures after
the flowering stage. Premature drying of the plants before or during the
flowerfng stage is usually caused by the bacterial or Fusarium wilt diseases
Harvesting is done after the leaves turn yellow and dry down completely
with the stems falling over. At this stage, the rhizomes have a fairly firm
skin and will not bruise easily in the washing and handling process.
Early harvest of mature
ginger is facilitated by trimming of the tops 2 to 3 weeks prior to harvest-
Care should be exercised in the washing process as the skin of younger ginger
is subject to damage.
For the specialty market
of young ginger for pickling purposes, the crop is harvested before the
flowering stage when the rhizome has a yellow or brown color and is not
very fibrous. This type of young ginger is usually marketed with about 1
to 1-1/2 inches of the stems attached to the rhizomes.
The matured crop not
harvested within 3 to 4 months after senescence wlll start new growth and
reduce the proportion of marketable rhizomes.
Harvested rhizomes are
usually washed and graded according to the standards established by the
State of Hawaii, Department of Agriculture. Insects
For preplant treatment
to control root knot, sting, lesion, and burrowing nematode: 1- D-D (40
to 6O gals. per acre) or Terr-o-cide 30-D at 15 to 25 gals. per acre.
Chemicals are injected
into soil at a depth of 8 to 12 inches with injectors spaced 12 inches apart-
A waiting period of 2 to 3 weeks from treatment to planting is necessary.
Soil should be slightly moist with all nematode infested roots removed or
decayed at time of treatment for best tesults.
Methyl bromide (67%.
plus 33% Chloropicrin) is applied at the rate of one pound per 100 square
feet under an air-tight covering. A waiting period of 24 to 48 hours is
necessary to insure proper treatment. For hest results soil should be slightly
moist at the time of treatment.
Vydate L at 1 to 2 gals.
per acre (broadcast); for band treatments use proportionately less.. Following
application, incorporate the Vydate 2 to 4 inches into soil. Use the low
rate for light infestations.
Post Plant treatments
to control root knot, sting, lesion, and burrowing nematodes:
- Foliar treatments. Apply 2 to 4 pints Vydate per acre in sufficient water
to obtain uniform coverage of foliage. Make the first application 2 to 4
weeks after planting and repeat 14 to 21 days later. Use low rate on light
infestations. Best results follow usage of Vydate L as a soil treatment.
- Drip irrigation: Apply 1 to 2 gals. Vydate L per acre directly into the
soil via drip irrigation emitters. Apply within 1 weeks after planting and
repeat at 14-day intervals as needed. DO NOT apply within 30 days of harvest.
Follow directions as indicated on the SLN- 820001 label.
- For preplant wireworm and cutworm control
- Methyl bromide as described above.
- Apply Diazinon 48%. EC (1/2 to 1 pt. per acre), Diazinon 40% WP (5/8 to
1-1/4 pounds per acre), or Diazinon 50% WP (1/2 to 1 Pound per acre) in
50 to 100 gallons of water. DO no NOT apply within 7 days of harvest.
- To control chewing insects (Chinese rose beetle), spray the foliage with
carbaryl wettable powder at 1 to 4 pounds of material per acre. Applications
should be concentrated on border rows where high damage incidence levels
generally occur (Takeda, 85).
- To clean root knot nematode infected rhizomes
- Hot water treatment at 120F for 10 minutes. The 12OF water temperature
must be kept constant with a thermostat. Temperatures above 120F will damage
the seed pieces while temperatures below will not effectively control the
nematodes.
Planting
- The crop is usually planted in the early spring and harvested from January
to March of the following year after a growing period of 8 to 10 months.
- Clean seed pieces obtained from healthy plants with 3 to 4 eyes (Shoots)
are planted 4 to 6 inches deep, spaced 10 to 18 inches between plants
- The crop requires an abundant supply of soil moisture during its growing
period with dry soil conditions toward harvest.
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Green - Seeds Co., Ltd.
81/10B Ho Van Hue Street, Phu Nhuan District, Ward 9, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
Tel: +84 (8) 847 6901 - Fax: +84 (8) 844 1392 - Email: info@green-seeds.com
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