|
|
|
|
 |
 |
|
|
|
|
GREEN-Seeds.com
vegetables & herbs
|
|
|
Beans 1
Culture
Soil Preparation
 Soil preparation for
beans is the same as for most other vegetable crop. Plow field several weeks
before planting, disked and rotovated or leveled and left in good condition
for constructing rows later. If a soil amendment such as lime is needed,
it should be applied broadcast before plowing and plowing should be done
8 - 12 weeks before planting. This gives the lime time to react with the
soil to correct pH assuming sufficient moisture is available in the soil.
In case a nematocide is used, the field should be treated at least two weeks
before planting for light soils and three weeks for heavy soils.
Irrigation
Beans do best with minimum
water stress in very well drained soils.
The beans develop a
rather shallow root system (approximately 10" deep) its main feeder roots
has a radius of approximately 20 inches. This means that any moisture or
nutrient deficiency even for a short period can stress the plant and reduce
its yi elding capacity. Supply moisture and maintain at a level intermediate
to field capacity (approximately 1/4 acre inch per day) throughout the cropping
cycle. Especially critical are the flowering and subsequent pod development
period, when moisture stres s will cause flowers and pods to drop.
Cultivars
Adapted
Varieties (Flat podded types)
Bush
Type- Green Crop 8", Kentucky Wonder 6-1/2"
Pole Type- Poamoho Wonder 8", Manoa Wonder 9", Hawaiian Wonder 8-1/2", Lualualei
9-1/2", Maui 9"
Seed Sources
Bush
Type- Green Crop: c, f, g
- Kentucky Wonder: a, b, e, g, h
Pole
Type- Poamoho Wonder: i
- Manoa Wonder: i
- Hawaiian Wonder: i
- Lualualei: j
- Maui: j
a.
Abbot & Cobb, Inc.
b. Agway, Inc.
P. O. Box F
307 Seed Plant
Feasterville, PA 19047
R. D. 4, Zeager Road
Elizabethtown, PA 17022
c. Asgrow Seed Co.
d. W. Atlee Burpee Co.
P. O. Box 1087
300 Park Avenue
Tracy, CA 95376
Warminster, PA 18991-0005
e. Harris Seeds
f. Siegers Seed Co.
961 Lyell Avenue
8265 Felch St.
Rochester, NY 14606
Zeeland, MI 49464
g. Stokes Seed Inc.
h. Otis Twilley Seed Co.
Box 548
P.O. Box 65
Buffalo, NY 14240
Trevose, PA 19047
i. Univ. of Hawaii Seed
j. Local Growers, Friends,
Program
etc.
3190 Maile Way
Honolulu, HI 96822
Diseases on Beans
Oidium
sp., Powdery Mildew
Uromyces
phaseoli, Rust
Rhizoctonia
solani Kuehn, Root Rot
Sclerotinia
sclerotiorum, Sclerotinia Rot
Bean Mosaic Virus
Colletotrichum
lindemuthianum, Anthracnose
Macrophomina phaseolina, Charcoal Rot
Soil Amendments and Fertilization
Rely on soil test results
for lime and fertilizer requirements. Basically, most Hawaiian soils with
pH below 5.5 and a calcium content below 2,000 lbs./acre, apply one ton
(2,000 lbs.) per acre (4.5 lbs./100 square feet) of agricultural lime or
its equivalent 8 - 12 weeks before planting. Rely on soil test results for
lime and fertilizer requirements. Optimum soil pH range is 5.5 to 6.8.
For soils with
less than 25 lbs./acre available phosphate, apply 1,500 lbs./acre (3.5 lbs./100
square feet) of treble super phosphate (047-0) together with the lime and
incorporated at least 8 inches.
Magnesium sulfate
(9.8% mg) or its equivalent should be applied to soils low in magnesium
at 150 - 200 lbs./acre (6 oz./100 square feet).
Average fertilizer
requirements on most soils, 1,200 to 1,750 lbs./acre (2.5 to 3.5 lbs./100
square feet) of 10-20-20, 15-15-15 or its equivalent. Apply 1/2 of the total
at planting, 1/4, 3 - 4 weeks after planting and 1/4, 6 - 7 weeks after
planting.
The fertilizer
could be banded about three inches to the side and about two inches below
the planted seed. Post-plant applications at 3 - 4 and 6 - 7 weeks should
be side-dressed and covered with surface soil where there is irrigation
moisture. Beans are considered short term crop and should have all the necessary
nutrients and moisture constantly available for optimum production.
Approximate Removal
of N, P, K (lbs./acre)
N - 170 P - 16 K - 100
Seeding to Harvest
Bush
Type- 45 - 55 days (lower elevations during summer, 45 days)
Pole Type- 55 - 70 days (higher elevation during winter may take up to
70 days.)
Approximate
Harvest Duration
Bush
Type- 1-1/2 weeks
Pole Type- 3 weeks
Estimated
Yield
Bush
Type- 5,000 lbs./acre, 40 lbs./100 feet of row
Pole Type- 9,500 lbs./acre, 75 lbs./100 feet of row
Harvesting
The
bush type beans gives 2 - 4 harvests, pole types generally about 8 - 12
harvests. Both should be harvested at least every other day. Beans should
be harvested before the seeds in the pods begin to show lumpiness. Beans
reach marketable size about 10 days after flower blooms. Consult the Hawaii
Grading Standards for specific requirements.
Insects on Beans
Adoretus sinicus Burmeister,
Chinese Rose Beetle
Agrotis ipsilon (Hufnagel),
Black Cutworm
Amorbia emigratella
Busck, Mexican Leafroller
Aphis craccivora Koch,
Cowpea Aphid
Aphis gossypii Glover,
Melon Aphid
Atractomorpha sinensis
Bolivar, Pinkwinged Grasshopper
Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius),
Sweetpotato Whitefly
Chrysodeixis chalcites
(Esper)Green Garden Looper
Conoderes amplicollis
(Gyllenhal), Gulf Wireworm
Coptosoma xanthogramma
(White), Black Stink Bug
Cryptoblabes gnidiella
(Milliere), Christmasberry Webworm
Cryptophlebia illepida
(Butler), Koa Seedworm
Cyrtopeltis modestus
(Distant), Tomato Bug
Dacus cucurbitae Coquillett,
Melon Fly
Empoasca solana (DeLong),
Southern Garden Leafhopper
Franklinella schultzei
(Trybom), Yellow Flower Thrips
Heliothis zea (Boddie),
Corn Earworm, Tomato Fruitworm, Bollworm
Hercinothrips femoralis
(Reuter), Banded Greenhouse Thrips
Hylemya (Delia) platura
(Meigen), Seedcorn Maggot
Lampides boeticus (Linnaeus),
Bean Butterfly
Leucothrips pierci (Morgan),
A Thrips
Liriomyza sativae Blanchard,
Vegetable Leafminer
Liriomyza trifolii (Burgess),
Chrysanthemum Leafminer
Maruca testulalis (Geyer),
Bean Pod Borer
Melanaphis sacchari
(Zehntner), Sugarcane Aphid
Myzus persicae (Sulzer),
Green Peach Aphid
Neotoxoptera formosana
(Takahashi), Onion Aphid
Nezara viridula (Linnaeus),
Southern Green Stink Bug
Ophiomyia phaseoli (Tryon),
Bean Fly
Pantomorus cervinus
(Boheman), Fuller Rose Beetle
Phenacoccus gossypii
Townsend, Mexican Mealybug and Cockerell
Polyphagotarsonemus
latus (Banks), Broad Mite
Pycnoderes quadrimaculatus
Guerin-Mene, Bean Caspid
Rhopalosiphum maidis
(Fitch), Corn Leaf Aphid
Rhopalosiphum nymphaeae
(Linnaeus), Waterlily Aphid
Spissistilus festinus
(Say), Threecornered Alfalfa Hopper
Spodoptera exempta (Walker),
Nutgrass Armyworm
Spodoptera exigua (Hubner),
Beet Armyworm
Tetranychus cinnabarinus
(Boisduval), Carmine Spider Mite
Tetranychus neocalidonicus
Andre, Vegetable Mite
Thrips hawaiiensis (Morgan),
Hawaiian Flower Thrips
Thrips palmi Karny,
Melon Thrips
Trialeurodes vaporariorum
(Westwood), Greenhouse Whitefly
Planting
Direct
seeding
Amount
of Seed
Bush
Type- 50 - 80 lbs./acre or approximately 1 lb./100 feet of row
Pole Type- 30 - 50 lbs./acre or approximately 3/4 lb./100 feet of row
Planting
Schedule=Year round from sea level to 4,000 feet
Planting
Depth = 3/4 - 1 inch.
Spacing
(may vary according to cultural practices)
Bush
Type - 15 to 30 inches between rows;
3 - 5 inches between plants
Pole
Type- 36 to 48 inches between rows;
8 - 10 inches between plants
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Green - Seeds Co., Ltd.
81/10B Ho Van Hue Street, Phu Nhuan District, Ward 9, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
Tel: +84 (8) 847 6901 - Fax: +84 (8) 844 1392 - Email: info@green-seeds.com
|
|
|
