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GREEN-Seeds.com
vegetables & herbs
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FARMER'S BOOKSHELF
An information system of crops in Hawaii
Department of Horticulture
University of Hawaii at Manoa
BEANS (updated 25.7.00)Cultivars
Most beans grow well in Hawaii. The most common types grown are green, snap
or "string" beans, as well as the yellow or wax types. Lima beans can also
be grown. All of these are available as either bush or pole types. The only
other bean found i n home gardens in Hawaii usually is the yardlong bean
which is closely related to the Southern or Black-eye pea and is used for
both the pods and seeds. Types used as dry seeds, such as navy, kidney or
pinto beans, Garbanzo, mung, adzuki, and others, are not usually grown in
home gardens.
(Hartmann et al., 78)
Varieties
 Nearly any variety
of snap bean, both pole and bush, will perform well in Hawaii if the growing
conditions are good. In home gardens, pole varieties are usually preferred
because they yield more over a longer period of time. Most consumers in
Hawaii prefer long, flat-podded beans. Greencrop, a bush variety of this
type, has performed well in Hawaii. Two pole varieties developed by the
Department of Horticulture with this type of pod are Hawaiian Wonder and
Manoa Wonder. Hawaiian Wonder is resistant to rust in some areas and should
be planted if rust might be a problem. Manoa Wonder is not resistant to
rust but is resistant to root-knot nematodes, so should be planted if nematodes
are likely to cause trouble, but not rust. Greencrop and most other bush
varieties are resistant to rust.
Most bean varieties
carried in Mainland seed catalogues would produce round pods shorter than
the three varieties mentioned. Two pole beans that are old favorites are
Kentucky Wonder, with high quality and long but somewhat rough pods, and
Blue Lake, with shorter, round pods, but known everywhere for its top quality
and flavor. (Hartmann et al., 78)
Lima Beans
Bush and pole varieties are available which produce either large or
small (baby) seeds. Pole varieties are essentially perennial in Hawaii as
long as they are kept free of diseases. Recommended varieties are King of
the Garden (pole, large seed), Florida Butter (pole, baby), Fordhook 242
(bush, large seed), and Allgreen or Thorogreen (bush, baby). (Hartmann et
al 78)
Seed Availability
Seed of Hawaiian Wonder and Manoa Wonder pole beans are available
from the Department of Horticulture of the University of Hawaii and from
some garden stores. Seed of other varieties are available on seed racks
in garden stores and from Mainland seed companies. (Hartmann et al., 78).
Irrigation
Irrigate beans on a regular basis so that there is a sufficient
water supply for the plants at all times. Any setback in the early growth
of the plants will result in smaller, weaker plants with reduced yields.
Description
Most beans grow well in Hawaii. The most common types grown are green, snap
or "string" beans, as well as the yellow or wax types. Lima beans can also
be grown. All of these are available as either bush or pole types. The only
other bean found in home gardens in Hawaii usually is the yardlong bean
which is closely related to the Southern or Black-eye pea and is used for
both the pods and seeds. Types used as dry seeds, such as navy, kidney or
pinto beans, Garbanzo, mung, adzuki, and others, are not usually grown in
home gardens.
Diseases
The most common diseases
of beans are root-knot nematodes, rust, anthracnose, and halo and bacterial
blights. With the exception of nematodes, all these diseases increase greatly
in severity during periods of prolonged wet weather and are rarely a problem
in drier areas or in summer when there is less rain.
The use of resistant
varieties can control nematodes (Manoa Wonder) and rust (Hawaiian Wonder
or most bush beans). Otherwise it is best not to plant during wetter seasons.
Rust can be controlled by spraying with sulphur, but the continuously wet
conditions that promote the rapid development of rust usually also prevent
the effective application of sprays.
Fertilizers
Soil types
Beans will do well in
any well-drained soil that is neither too acid nor too alkaline. On highly
acid soils, an application of lime will be useful; on soils with high pH,
fertilizers that lower the pH (like ammonium sulfate) should be beneficial.
They wil l benefit from incorporation of organic matter. If there are root-knot
nematodes present, the soil should be fumigated unless the variety to be
planted is Manoa Wonder, which is resistant.
Apply general garden
fertilizer, such as 10-30-10, at a rate of about 2.5 to 3 pounds per 100
square feet at time of planting and again at tbe same rate when blooming
starts, about 4 weeks after planting. If the vines are in good growing condition,
harves t can be prolonged in the home garden by making similar applications
of fertilizer about once a month.
Harvesting
Snap beans should be
harvested just before the seeds start to swell and become visible as bumps
on the outside of the pod. This is about 10 days aft blooming, or about
6 weeks after planting. Harvest the beans about every other day. Most pods
on bush vari eties will be mature at about the same time, with 2 to 4 harvests
per plant. Harvest on pole varieties will continue as long as the plants
remain vigorous and free of disease. Harvest lima beans when the beans have
reached full size, but before the pods s tart to turn yellow.
Insects
Insects that may cause
trouble are cutworms, French bean fly, Chinese rose beetle, aphids, white
flies, leafminers, mites, pod borers, stink bugs, and corn earworms. Insecticides
recommended to control these insects arediazinon, dimethoate (Cygon), and
malathion.
A regular spray
program should be started at the time of seeding to control cutworms, which
eat the seedlings, and Freneh bean fly, which can infect seedlings shortly
after germination. The symptoms of French bean fly infestation are the wilting
and dying of the top of the plant when it is about 2 to 4 weeks old with
no evidence of diseased roots. Larvae or pupae of the French bean fly, about
1-2 mm long, may be found in the stem at the first node. A regular program
started at seeding time to control these two insects should also effectively
control the rest if spraying is continued at intervals of 1 week maximum.
Once harvest has started, diazinon should no longer be used, but dimethoate
can be safely continued, and malathion also with a 1-day wait between spraying
and harvest.
Planting
Plant seeds directly
in the field about 1-1.5 inches deep in single rows spaced about 30 inches
apart or in double rows spaced about 36 to 40 inches. The spacing in the
row can be as close as 4 inches for bush beans, 6 to 12 inches for pole
beans, and eve n farther apart for lima beans, which can make huge vines
when growing conditions are good. Provide support, such as strings or sturdy,
wind-resistant stakes, for the pole varieties by the time the plants start
to vine, usually at the age of 2 to 3 weeks.
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Green - Seeds Co., Ltd.
81/10B Ho Van Hue Street, Phu Nhuan District, Ward 9, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
Tel: +84 (8) 847 6901 - Fax: +84 (8) 844 1392 - Email: info@green-seeds.com
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